{"id":453,"date":"2014-03-07T12:31:11","date_gmt":"2014-03-07T11:31:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/frenchtimber.com\/?page_id=453"},"modified":"2021-05-04T13:55:20","modified_gmt":"2021-05-04T12:55:20","slug":"fir-spruce","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/en\/french-species\/fir-spruce\/","title":{"rendered":"Fir-Spruce"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='layer_slider_1'  class='avia-layerslider main_color avia-shadow  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  container_wrap sidebar_right'  style='height: 151px; max-width: 1140px; margin: 0 auto;'  ><\/div><div id='after_layer_slider_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap sidebar_right'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-small alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-453'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-96hn0a-30a817e0f41dd50b837b6ff8b3af31f4 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>These are tall trees (up to 30 meters) with a large diameter (1 meter), growing in the mountainous areas (over 800 meters high). Their trunks are straight and cylindrical, showing a plain bark. They account for 1 383 000 ha. within the whole French forest.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='flex_column av-928k7e-d6037a5bc57cf77bb1a9e593e0706118 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_fourth  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-koa10em6-c3c01f65f74a7e01f78d4847f76b79c5\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-koa10em6-c3c01f65f74a7e01f78d4847f76b79c5{\npadding-bottom:5px;\ncolor:#2d5c88;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-koa10em6-c3c01f65f74a7e01f78d4847f76b79c5 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-koa10em6-c3c01f65f74a7e01f78d4847f76b79c5 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#2d5c88;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-koa10em6-c3c01f65f74a7e01f78d4847f76b79c5 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-koa10em6-c3c01f65f74a7e01f78d4847f76b79c5 av-special-heading-h5 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-3  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h5 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Wood description<\/h5><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-vimn6-64ae6afc438618ee013cb2815f9278a4 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><ul>\n<li><strong>Fir<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Heartwood is not distinct from sapwood. Sawn timber is glossy cream-white. Fir is straight-grained, with thin and regular texture.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Spruce<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Heartwood is not distinct from sapwood. Sawn timber is white to pale pink coloured. Spruce is straight-grained with thin and regular texture.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-koa127e9-38875f792beb936cac79f2fc4a17316a\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-koa127e9-38875f792beb936cac79f2fc4a17316a{\npadding-bottom:5px;\ncolor:#2d5c88;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-koa127e9-38875f792beb936cac79f2fc4a17316a .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-koa127e9-38875f792beb936cac79f2fc4a17316a .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#2d5c88;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-koa127e9-38875f792beb936cac79f2fc4a17316a .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-koa127e9-38875f792beb936cac79f2fc4a17316a av-special-heading-h5 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><h5 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Preserving<\/h5><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-8b2egy-2fa33684f538fb40aa548a2a762a510f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Fir and spruce can be used without treatment in Class 1 timber (dry surrounding conditions) as well as, when treated, in Class 3 timber (humid atmosphere). Timber impregnation can be made in Class 2 (dipping) or Class 3 (vacuum pressure treatment).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-koa13e41-2050558ac11505db7a0e585da7c8f51c\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-koa13e41-2050558ac11505db7a0e585da7c8f51c{\npadding-bottom:5px;\ncolor:#2d5c88;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-koa13e41-2050558ac11505db7a0e585da7c8f51c .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-koa13e41-2050558ac11505db7a0e585da7c8f51c .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#2d5c88;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-koa13e41-2050558ac11505db7a0e585da7c8f51c .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-koa13e41-2050558ac11505db7a0e585da7c8f51c av-special-heading-h5 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><h5 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Physical and mecanical properties<\/h5><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-7yo442-935d1c4cbc69cae06936cd669c6e9bd7 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Fir is coarse-textured, not very fibrous, elastic and soft, with a tendency to split and warp during drying.<\/p>\n<p>European spruce wood is soft, light and not very fibrous. European spruce has a good stiffness\/weight ratio and its long fibres make it very resistant to bending, except when weakened by the presence of knots.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-7xcoju-febe0885a14d56544f5e5a4d30aa9b2e av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_fourth  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-7nn92q-c14fe46e6ac9f5210a083cf1904b9c31 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Fir<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7hppkq-7070a993137da4bae0822f68f355284e\">\n.avia-image-container.av-7hppkq-7070a993137da4bae0822f68f355284e img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-7hppkq-7070a993137da4bae0822f68f355284e .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-7hppkq-7070a993137da4bae0822f68f355284e av-styling- avia_animated_image av-animated-when-visible-95 top-to-bottom avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-3908 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3908 avia_image ' src=\"http:\/\/frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_bois1-180x180.jpg\" alt='' title='sapin_pectine_bois'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_bois1-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_bois1-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_bois1-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_bois1-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_bois1-450x450.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7esx76-be675689ae86d1eedf158bcd24881dd6\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-7esx76-be675689ae86d1eedf158bcd24881dd6{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-7esx76-be675689ae86d1eedf158bcd24881dd6 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-pqxsi-a74f798a0c4fd97392cd92d03d91619e\">\n.avia-image-container.av-pqxsi-a74f798a0c4fd97392cd92d03d91619e img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-pqxsi-a74f798a0c4fd97392cd92d03d91619e .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-pqxsi-a74f798a0c4fd97392cd92d03d91619e av-styling- avia_animated_image av-animated-when-visible-95 top-to-bottom avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-3910 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3910 avia_image ' src=\"http:\/\/frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_ecorce-180x180.jpg\" alt='' title='sapin_pectine_ecorce'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_ecorce-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_ecorce-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_ecorce-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_ecorce-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_ecorce-450x450.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-709vq2-0debffb8b5bb7bb4e6c966fbcc9926ac\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-709vq2-0debffb8b5bb7bb4e6c966fbcc9926ac{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-709vq2-0debffb8b5bb7bb4e6c966fbcc9926ac hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6u7fiy-0c66c948eb823ee70a948216a1b05c92\">\n.avia-image-container.av-6u7fiy-0c66c948eb823ee70a948216a1b05c92 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-6u7fiy-0c66c948eb823ee70a948216a1b05c92 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-6u7fiy-0c66c948eb823ee70a948216a1b05c92 av-styling- avia_animated_image av-animated-when-visible-95 top-to-bottom avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-3912 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3912 avia_image ' src=\"http:\/\/frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_arbre-180x180.jpg\" alt='' title='sapin_pectine_arbre'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_arbre-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_arbre-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_arbre-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_arbre-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/sapin_pectine_arbre-450x450.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-6qajrm-3f05bd19749cd30bc87ec91864130502 av_one_fourth  avia-builder-el-16  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_table  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-6l6yyy-3e7706195a293bb73926af7c445ce419 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Spruce<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6cyz3u-f15cf9e4abea13708ccfc485dff1416a\">\n.avia-image-container.av-6cyz3u-f15cf9e4abea13708ccfc485dff1416a img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-6cyz3u-f15cf9e4abea13708ccfc485dff1416a .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-6cyz3u-f15cf9e4abea13708ccfc485dff1416a av-styling- avia_animated_image av-animated-when-visible-95 top-to-bottom avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-3909 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3909 avia_image ' src=\"http:\/\/frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_bois-180x180.jpg\" alt='' title='epicea_bois'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_bois-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_bois-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_bois-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_bois-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_bois-450x450.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-68hh2a-999da4453ea8b2b58014752da6dae677\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-68hh2a-999da4453ea8b2b58014752da6dae677{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-68hh2a-999da4453ea8b2b58014752da6dae677 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-62xjj6-dbf58642ece61555a45da390ec359943\">\n.avia-image-container.av-62xjj6-dbf58642ece61555a45da390ec359943 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-62xjj6-dbf58642ece61555a45da390ec359943 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-62xjj6-dbf58642ece61555a45da390ec359943 av-styling- avia_animated_image av-animated-when-visible-95 top-to-bottom avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-20  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-3911 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3911 avia_image ' src=\"http:\/\/frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_ecorce-180x180.jpg\" alt='' title='epicea_ecorce'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_ecorce-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_ecorce-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_ecorce-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_ecorce-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_ecorce-450x450.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5xwa2i-cb2978cf805afafe5348666d08df2ba5\">\n#top .hr.hr-invisible.av-5xwa2i-cb2978cf805afafe5348666d08df2ba5{\nheight:50px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='hr av-5xwa2i-cb2978cf805afafe5348666d08df2ba5 hr-invisible  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_image '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5p1r8y-88c4bd1c0f9deab2eb86e270fdede780\">\n.avia-image-container.av-5p1r8y-88c4bd1c0f9deab2eb86e270fdede780 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-5p1r8y-88c4bd1c0f9deab2eb86e270fdede780 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-5p1r8y-88c4bd1c0f9deab2eb86e270fdede780 av-styling- avia_animated_image av-animated-when-visible-95 top-to-bottom avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-22  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-3913 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-3913 avia_image ' src=\"http:\/\/frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_arbre-180x180.jpg\" alt='' title='epicea_arbre'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_arbre-180x180.jpg 180w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_arbre-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_arbre-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_arbre-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/epicea_arbre-450x450.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div><div class='avia-data-table-wrap av-k7mmy-80be7ecedd281f3cd587ef2432d3a0de avia_responsive_table avia-table-1'><table  class='avia-table avia-data-table avia_pricing_default  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_one_fourth  el_before_av_one_half '  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Table\" ><caption>Valeurs donn\u00e9es pour une humidit\u00e9 de 12% (Bois droit de fil et sans d\u00e9fauts) <\/caption><tbody><tr class=''><td class=''>Average density<\/td><td class='avia-center-col'>450 kg\/m\u1d9f<\/td><\/tr><tr class=''><td class=''>Total average volumetric shrinkage<\/td><td class='avia-center-col'>11.4 % &#8211; 12.7 % <\/td><\/tr><tr class=''><td class=''>Brinell hardness perpendicular to the fibres<\/td><td class='avia-center-col'>14 N\/mm\u00b2<\/td><\/tr><tr class=''><td class=''>Modulus of rupture under bending<\/td><td class='avia-center-col'>100 MPa<\/td><\/tr><tr class=''><td class=''>Breaking stress under axial compression<\/td><td class='avia-center-col'>44 MPa<\/td><\/tr><tr class=''><td class=''>Modulus of longitudinal elasticity under bending<\/td><td class='avia-center-col'>12 700 MPa<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/p>\n<div  class='flex_column av-2gqpga-e47a359ebf7d427f23675e1b36064eb9 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_table  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-koa18iwj-f8e52133fd07a3410028328de8645cb2\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-koa18iwj-f8e52133fd07a3410028328de8645cb2{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#2d5c88;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-koa18iwj-f8e52133fd07a3410028328de8645cb2 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-koa18iwj-f8e52133fd07a3410028328de8645cb2 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#2d5c88;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-koa18iwj-f8e52133fd07a3410028328de8645cb2 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-koa18iwj-f8e52133fd07a3410028328de8645cb2 av-special-heading-h5 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-25  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h5 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Conditions of implementation<\/h5><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-204b0i-fac110a008ca5e4d0c4888cdaacde0a6 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  flex_column_div  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-koa18ppu-2e50c460d3f95f2166badaa485e9ecb5\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-koa18ppu-2e50c460d3f95f2166badaa485e9ecb5{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#2d5c88;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-koa18ppu-2e50c460d3f95f2166badaa485e9ecb5 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-koa18ppu-2e50c460d3f95f2166badaa485e9ecb5 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#2d5c88;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-koa18ppu-2e50c460d3f95f2166badaa485e9ecb5 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-koa18ppu-2e50c460d3f95f2166badaa485e9ecb5 av-special-heading-h5 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-27  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h5 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Grading<\/h5><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-1ornle-1007d5fc0ac74a7d01e3559ec91d1771 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1ll5oi-a1d45df2f74c23f099bded343957406d\">\n.avia-image-container.av-1ll5oi-a1d45df2f74c23f099bded343957406d img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-1ll5oi-a1d45df2f74c23f099bded343957406d .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-1ll5oi-a1d45df2f74c23f099bded343957406d av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-29  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-4023 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-4023 avia_image ' src=\"http:\/\/frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/graph-fr8-300x203.jpg\" alt='' title='graph-fr'   itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/graph-fr8-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/graph-fr8-705x479.jpg 705w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/graph-fr8-450x305.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/graph-fr8.jpg 740w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1eh5mq-7b34203267095f3a52832ec0c5aa3f20 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-30  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_one_full  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><article  class='iconbox iconbox_top av-1af68a-9b723e3ec477b6c527fdf2327c816d42  avia-builder-el-31  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  main_color'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class=\"iconbox_content\"><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Icon: Download\"><a href='http:\/\/issuu.com\/frenchtimber\/docs\/classement_resineux?e=11176610\/7886155' title='Download' aria-label='Download'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" class='iconbox_icon heading-color avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue82d' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' title=\"Download\" desc=\"Download\" ><\/a><h3 class='iconbox_content_title '  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href='http:\/\/issuu.com\/frenchtimber\/docs\/classement_resineux?e=11176610\/7886155' title='Download'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Download<\/a><\/h3><\/header><div class='iconbox_content_container '  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Softwood grading<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><\/article><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-11tsvu-55450709aa647ea14e00eba76bb4dd85 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_one_half  el_before_av_two_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-koa19i4v-8b1b0ad8d592870033a9e726e47759b9\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-koa19i4v-8b1b0ad8d592870033a9e726e47759b9{\npadding-bottom:10px;\ncolor:#2d5c88;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-koa19i4v-8b1b0ad8d592870033a9e726e47759b9 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-koa19i4v-8b1b0ad8d592870033a9e726e47759b9 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#2d5c88;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-koa19i4v-8b1b0ad8d592870033a9e726e47759b9 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-koa19i4v-8b1b0ad8d592870033a9e726e47759b9 av-special-heading-h5 custom-color-heading  avia-builder-el-33  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h5 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Main uses<\/h5><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-2mcsq-21f0cb6653c6c7df7eec834da8c499de av_two_third  avia-builder-el-34  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-21z02-4f9e4f6906274fbc1174163e0dbdf691 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Fir and spruce are ideal for frameworks, included for glued laminated timber, as well as for wooden structures (for instance : footbridge). Sawn timber is also currently used for joinery, flooring, skirting boards and moulding.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-cvbz6-690c7d4a75b574962766d26b7ca1805b av_one_third  avia-builder-el-36  el_after_av_two_third  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9v2lm-04b801c63f8f9430b6472a8a8cf2fa21\">\n#top .avia-gallery.av-9v2lm-04b801c63f8f9430b6472a8a8cf2fa21 .avia-gallery-thumb a{\nwidth:20%;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-gallery av-9v2lm-04b801c63f8f9430b6472a8a8cf2fa21 avia_animate_when_visible  avia-builder-el-37  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  avia_lazyload av-slideshow-ui av-loop-manual-endless av-control-hidden av-navigate-arrows av-navigate-dots hover-effect av-control-hidden avia-gallery-animate avia-gallery-1'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><meta itemprop=\"contentURL\" content=\"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/en\/french-species\/fir-spruce\/\"><div class='avia-gallery-big-wrapper'><a class='avia-gallery-big fakeLightbox lightbox avia-gallery-big-crop-thumb ' href=\"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/utilisation_sapin_epicea.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/utilisation_sapin_epicea.jpg 610w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/utilisation_sapin_epicea-196x300.jpg 196w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/utilisation_sapin_epicea-460x705.jpg 460w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/utilisation_sapin_epicea-450x688.jpg 450w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 610px) 100vw, 610px\"  data-onclick='1' title='utilisation_sapin_epicea' ><span class='avia-gallery-big-inner'  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" ><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class=\"wp-image-4120 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-4120\"  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https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/utilisation_sapin_epicea_3-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/utilisation_sapin_epicea_3-120x120.jpg 120w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/utilisation_sapin_epicea_3-450x450.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><div class='big-prev-fake'><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4122 avia-img-lazy-loading-4122\"  width=\"495\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/utilisation_sapin_epicea_3-495x400.jpg\" title='utilisation_sapin_epicea_3' alt='' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/utilisation_sapin_epicea_3-495x400.jpg 495w, https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/03\/utilisation_sapin_epicea_3-710x575.jpg 710w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1417,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-453","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fir-Spruce - FrenchTimber FrenchTimber<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"FrenchTimber\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.frenchtimber.com\/en\/essences-francaises\/sapin-epicea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fir-Spruce - FrenchTimber FrenchTimber\" \/>\n<meta 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